Background and Rise of Malcolm X Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little in 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska, was a key figure in the 1960s civil rights movement. His early years were marked by tragedy, with his father, a preacher who embraced Black nationalism, killed by supremacist groups. As a teen, Malcolm moved to Boston, eventually landing…

Apollo 11 Mission Overview Apollo 11's launch on July 16, 1969, kicked off an unforgettable journey. Atop a massive Saturn V rocket, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins blasted off to make history. The rocket's power could've lit up all of New York City as it thundered into orbit, setting the stage for a…

Background and Build-Up In the vibrant 1960s, America danced on the edge of change. The Vietnam War rumbled on, swallowing young lives. Teens marched for peace, their bell-bottoms swaying to the rhythm of protest. The civil rights movement roared through every state, demanding justice that couldn't wait. Martin Luther King Jr.'s voice for equality was…

Origins and Planning A. Philip Randolph set the stage for the 1963 March on Washington long before it happened. During World War II, he planned a march to highlight discrimination against Black soldiers and workers in defense jobs. This led President Roosevelt to issue an executive order creating the Fair Employment Practice Committee. In the…

Background and Context Picture America in the late '60s and early '70s—a land buzzing with change. The Vietnam War took center stage, flashing across TV screens nightly. President Nixon, elected in '68, promised to end the war. But in April '70, he surprised everyone by invading Cambodia instead. This move set already active campuses ablaze…

Origins of Draft Card Burning Draft card burning flared into prominence when Catholic Worker activist David Miller set his draft card ablaze on October 15, 1965. This gutsy gesture against the U.S. government's war efforts violated the law banning such acts. Miller's fiery stand earned him a collision course with the FBI, a guilty verdict,…